The Yellow Wallpaper, By Charlotte Perkins Gilman - 914 Words

The road to insanity is paved with good intentions â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is the most renown short story of Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935). It starts as a spine-chilling probably-horror-story that then becomes, even more, terrifying when we realize what extremes human mind can reach when put in inadequate conditions, even without any supernatural elements to interfere. We’ve learned from Charlotte Perkins’ article â€Å"Why I Wrote ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’† that there was a lot of speculation held about the motives behind this short story, so she decided to shed some light on it. Though it may seem that the author described the fall into madness so vividly and in such a detail simply to gain attention and draw in more readers, that’s only a part of the story. From her biography, we discover that after marrying Charles Walter Stetson in 1884 and giving birth to a child the following year, she â€Å"was beset by a crippling depression† (World Authors 1900-1950). It was believed to have started as a postpartum but kept returning throughout her entire life. In her article Perkins acknowledges that for many years she suffered from â€Å"a severe and continuous nervous breakdown tending to melancholia,† (Why I Wrote ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’), and even worse. In hope to get a proper treatment she contacted the most prominent specialist of women’s nervous disorders of the time - Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell. His recommendations were exactly what was to be expected from a man of the nineteenthShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper By Ch arlotte Perkins Gilman885 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a stigma around mental illness and feminism. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the 1900’s. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† has many hidden truths within the story. The story was an embellished version her own struggle with what was most likely post-partum depression. As the story progresses, one can see that she is not receiving proper treatment for her depression and thus it is getting worse. Gilman uses the wallpaper and what she sees in it to symbolize her desire to escapeRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesHumans are flawed individuals. Although flaws can be bad, people learn and grow from the mistakes made. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, gives one a true look at using flaws to help one grow. Gilman gives her reader’s a glimpse into what her life would have consisted of for a period of time in her life. Women were of little importance other than to clean the house and to reproduce. This story intertwines the reality of what the lives of woman who were considered toRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1362 Words   |  6 Pagesas freaks. In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, both of these elements are present. Gilman did a wonderful job portraying how women are not taken seriously and how lightly mental illnesses are taken. Gilman had, too, had firsthand experience with the physician in the story. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s believes that there really was no difference in means of way of thinking between men or women is strongly. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story about a woman whoRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1547 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilman s career as a leading feminists and social activist translated into her writing a s did her personal life. Gilman s treatment for her severe depression and feelings of confinement in her marriage were paralleled by the narrator in her shorty story, The Yellow Wallpaper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her parents, Mary Fitch Perkins and Fredrick Beecher Perkins, divorced in 1869. Her dad, a distinguished librarian and magazine editorRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman2032 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a poem about women facing unequal marriages, and women not being able to express themselves the way they want too. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860, and died in 1935. This poem was written in 1892. When writing this poem, women really had no rights, they were like men’s property. So writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† during this time era, was quite shocking and altered society at the time. (Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the Feminization ofRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman904 Words   |  4 Pagescom/us/definiton/americaneglish/rest-cure?q=rest+cure). Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper as a reflection of series of events that happened in her own life. Women who fought the urge to be the typical stereotype were seen as having mental instabilities and were considered disobedient. The societal need for women to conform to the standards in the 1800s were very high. They were to cook, clean and teach their daughters how to take care of the men. Gilman grew up without her father and she vowedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman999 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a story of a woman s psychological breakdown, which is shown through an imaginative conversation with the wallpaper. The relationship between the female narrator and the wallpaper reveals the inner condition of the narrator and also symbolically shows how women are oppressed in society. The story, read through a feminist lens, reflects a woman s struggle against the patriarchal power structure. In the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses the wallpaperRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthat wallpaper as I did?† the woman behind the pattern was an image of herself. She has been the one â€Å"stooping and creeping.† The Yellow Wallpaper was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the story, three characters are introduced, Jane (the narrator), John, and Jennie. The Yellow Wallpaper is an ironic story that takes us inside the mind and emotions of a woma n suffering a slow mental breakdown. The narrator begins to think that another woman is creeping around the room behind the wallpaper, attemptingRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesThe dignified journey of the admirable story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† created by Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s, gave the thought whether or not the outcome was influenced by female oppression and feminism. Female oppression and feminist encouraged a series of women to have the freedom to oppose for their equal rights. Signified events in the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† resulted of inequality justice for women. Charlotte Perkins Gilman gave the reader different literary analysis to join the unjustifiableRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1704 Words   |  7 PagesEscaping The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) whom is most acclaimed for her short story The Yellow Wallpaper (1891) was a women’s author that was relatively revolutionary. Gilman makes an appalling picture of captivity and confinement in the short story, outlining a semi-personal photo of a young lady experiencing the rest cure treatment by her spouse, whom in addition to being her husband was also her therapist. Gilman misused the rest cure in The Yellow Wallpaper to alarm other

A Brief Note On Electrical Discharge Machining ( Edm )

CHAPTER 2 2. LITERATURE SURVEY 2.1 Introduction Literature review is one of the scope studies. It works as guide to run this analysis. From the early stage of the project, various literature studies have been done. Research journals, books, printed or online conference article were the main source in the project guides. Literature review section work as reference, to give information and guide base on journal and other source in the media. We are broadly classified all the paper into five different category, i.e. paper related to Electrical discharge machining (EDM), material related (workpiece or tool), some paper related to the effect of input parameters on (MRR,TWR and SR), dielectric fluid and the effect of flushing. 2.2 Electrical discharge machining (EDM) It is a process that is used to remove metal through the action of an electrical discharge of short duration and high current density between the tool and the workpiece [18-19]. (EDM) is a non-traditional type of precision processing using an electrical spark-erosion process between the electrode and the working piece of electrically conductive immersed in a dielectric fluid [20]. Since it has more special gains, the (EDM) has been widely applied in modern metal industry for producing complex cavities in moulds and dies, which are difficult to manufacture by conventional machining. The use of (EDM) in the production of forming tools to produce plastics mouldings, die castings, forging dies etc., has

No one in Gattaca is who they seem to be and everyone Free Essays

The science fiction thriller film ‘Cattle’, directed and written by Andrew Niccole, set In the â€Å"not too distant future†, It portrays a society In which genetic engineering has created an advanced yet dyspepsia world. In this world, we can clearly see that people have secrets and they are willing to Ill, cheat and even kill to get where they want to be and to be their very best. No one is who they seem to be and everyone has something to hide. We will write a custom essay sample on No one in Gattaca is who they seem to be and everyone or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the film, there are 3 main characters that have something to conceal and these characters are Jerome Eugene Morrow, Vincent Freeman and Doctor Lamar. Jerome Eugene Morrow is a very relentless and arrogant person but on the inside he is caring, Vincent Freeman is an Invalid’ who dreams of flying to Titan and to achieve his dreams, he has to become a towered ladder’ with the help of Eugene, and Doctor Lamar helps Vincent achieve his dreams by concealing Vincent secret. Jerome Eugene Morrow is a valid in Cattle. He Is what is considered as close to perfection that’s possible. After a suicide attempt, It left Eugene a crippled, depressed and an arrogant person. Niccole proves this when he Is calling the policeman a flatfoot†. He places this personality upon himself because he Is too scared to show anyone the real him; sensitive and caring. Throughout the film, we see that he in fact conceals his true personality by helping Vincent. The amount of energy he put into helping Vincent, shows us that on the inside he is actually a caring friend who is willing to sacrifice his life to help others. From this we see that no one is who they seem, and Eugene is even willing to lend his own identity to another person. Only the Valid’ class is told they can truly succeed in the world of ‘Cattle’, so if an ‘invalid’ tries to succeed, they must put their lives around the concealment of their genetic identity. Niccole places Vincent, an ‘invalid’ whose dreams are achievable only in the Valid’ world. In order to enter that world, Vincent becomes a ‘borrowed ladder’ using Eugene Morrow’s Identity. The opening scene of the film shows this dramatically, as we see Vincent hair and skin painfully removed In an extreme close-up. Vincent does this routine every day and It Is courageous. Learn more about this routine In a later, slowly paced sequence that details the processes the system Vincent must go through each day just to reach his goals. Niccole makes us aware that Vincent is not alone in this class of people by showing the label ‘confidentiality guaranteed’ written on the dry cleaning plastic wrap. It is clear that be ing a borrowed ladder is an all interesting Job and for Vincent, a relatively lonely one. Doctor Lamar is the main doctor at Cattle, and although he lies under the radar, he is a crucial part of Vincent Journey to Titan. When Lamar says â€Å"right men don’t hold it with their left†, it suggests to the viewer that he is in fact fully aware of Vincent true identity, and that he has most likely known for a while. At the beginning of the film It seems that Lamar Is convinced, as is everyone else In Cattle, that Vincent Is a true valid. However, near the end, It becomes obvious he has known the truth all along. Lamar Lies and effectively cheats the system by turning a blind eye to Vincent true identity and allowing him to continue on his journey. He possible for his son to make it into the world. Even with this status as a doctor t Cattle, Lamar is willing to lie and risk his own Job in order to let Vincent dreams come true. Niccole portrays Cattle as this developed world that has minimized the level of imperfection, where there is no room for invalids and the genetically engineered people. However, as the story develops, we start to see the ‘perfect’ people also have flaws and we see that even in this ‘perfect’ world, lying and cheating still happens. Everyone has something to conceal, and no matter what their status, they are willing to commit fraud acts, whether it is for their benefit or to benefit there. It seems that although people in Cattle seem perfect and innocent, no one is without flaw, and everyone has a secret. The science fiction thriller film ‘Cattle’, directed and written by Andrew Niccole, set in the â€Å"not too distant future†, it portrays a society in which genetic engineering has people have secrets and they are willing to lie, cheat and even kill to get where they person but on the inside he is caring, Vincent Freeman is an ‘invalid’ who dreams of flying to Titan and to achieve his dreams, he has to become a ‘borrowed ladder’ with unceasing Vincent secret. Jerome Eugene Morrow is a valid in Cattle. He is what is considered as close to perfection that’s possible. After a suicide attempt, it left Eugene a crippled, depressed and an arrogant person. Niccole proves this when he is calling the policeman a â€Å"f**kicking flatfoot†. He places this personality upon himself because he is too scared to show anyone the real him; sensitive and caring. Vincent becomes a ‘borrowed ladder’ using Eugene Morrows identity. The opening removed in an extreme close-up. Vincent does this routine every day and it is courageous. We learn more about this routine in a later, slowly paced sequence that details the processes the system Vincent must go through each day Just to reach his says â€Å"right men don’t hold it with their left†, it suggests to the viewer that he is in fact the beginning of the film it seems that Lamar is convinced, as is everyone else in Cattle, that Vincent is a true valid. However, near the end, it becomes obvious he has known the truth all along. Lamar lies and effectively cheats the system by turning a blind eye to Vincent true identity and allowing him to continue on his Journey. He goes this because his son is also an invalid and if Vincent can make it, it could be Vincent becomes a ‘borrowed ladder’ using Eugene Morrow’s identity. The opening possible for his son to make it into the â€Å"valid† world. Even with this status as a doctor Doctor Lamar is the main doctor at Cattle, and although he lies under the radar, he is a crucial part of Vincent Journey to Titan. When Lamar says â€Å"right men don’t hold it with their left†, it suggests to the viewer that he is in fact fully aware of Vincent true identity, and that he has most likely known for a while. At the beginning of the elm it seems that Lamar is convinced, as is everyone else in Cattle, that Vincent is a true valid. However, near the end, it becomes obvious he has known the truth all along. Lamar lies and effectively cheats the system by turning a blind eye to Vincent true identity and allowing him to continue on his Journey. He does this because his son is also an invalid and if Vincent can make it, it could be possible for his son to make it into the world. Even with this status as a doctor at Cattle, Lamar is willing to lie and risk his own Job in order to let Vincent dreams come true. How to cite No one in Gattaca is who they seem to be and everyone, Papers

The Critical Evaluation of Techniques - Application of Technique and Es

Question: Describe about the Critical Evaluation of Techniques, Application of Technique and Estimating the cost of Capital? Answer: Introduction and Summary Royal Airways is listed on local Stock Exchange. It is considering a proposal known as project GAMMA. This project has to be discussed at the finance meeting. In this project we have done some analysis on certain methods of Capital Budgeting like IRR, NPV, Pay Back Period, etc. we have selected Net Present Value for evaluating our project. We select Net Present Value method to evaluate the project because it considers time value of money. There are certain disadvantages of Net Present Value but the factors present in our project does not lead to any such situation that attracts disadvantages. There are many tools through with which we can analyze the feasibility of any capital budgeting project. At a glance these are as follows Internal Rate of Return Net Present Value Pay Back Period Discounted Payback Period Accounting Rate of Return Critical Evaluation of techniques These are explained in detail as follows 1. Internal Rate of Return Under this method the exact rate at which the present value of all cash inflows will be equal to the present value of all cash outflows. Here the NPV is zero. When we evaluate the project in terms of IRR then we can say that that project will be preferred which has higher IRR as compared to the project which have lower IRR. As the one which has higher will yield the amount invested in less time than the one which has lower IRR as it will return the amount invested in more time. It is also known as ERR (Economic Rate of Return). This rate helps in comparing the earnings of two entities. This is also called as discounted cash flow rate of return. When we look from the view point of loan it is also called as effective interest rate. It is also known as annualized effective compounded return rate. IRR is a measure of efficiency, quality, oryieldof an investment. This is in contrast with the net present value, which is an indicator of the value ormagnitudeof an investment. Every company h as its own Internal Rate of Return which is also known as minimum acceptable rate of return or cost of capital. When we evaluate the project in terms of IRR then we can say that that project will be preferred which has higher IRR as compared to the project which have lower IRR. As the one which has higher will yield the amount invested in less time than the one which has lower IRR as it will return the amount invested in more time. The other use of IRR is comparison of capital projects. The example we can relate to expanding versus extension. The company can either purchase a new plant or it can increase the capacity of the existing plant. For this purpose IRR can be used. In order for a project to get accepted the Internal Rate of Return calculated should be more than the companys cost of capital. In case if more than one project have IRR more than the companys cost of capital than that project will be selected which has a higher Internal Rate of Return. Further IRR is helpful in e valuating whether to buyback or not. If a company allocates a substantial amount to a stock buyback, the analysis must show that the company's own stock is a better investment (has a higher IRR) than any other use of the funds for other capital projects, or than any acquisition candidate at current market prices 2. Net Present Value It is a method where we compare two mutually exclusive projects and find out which of them is better. We prefer that project which has higher Net Present Value. It is the difference between two things The present value of cash inflows discounted at ko i.e. cost of capital The present value of all cash outflows discounted at ko i.e. cost of capital This helps in analyzing the profitability of a project. The best advantage of NPV is that it utilizes time value of money which means that a dollar earned today will not be as worthy as a dollar earned tomorrow or in future. Either its value will increase or decrease depending upon the economic condition of a country to which the currency belongs. The only difficulty with this method is to identify or calculate the discount rate. This calculation is subjective. Many things are required to be considered The rate which is used to discount future cash flows to the present value is a key aspect of this process. The weighted average cost of capital is the one which is most often used. But many researchers believe that it is better to use a discount rate which is much higher as it will be able to adjust the risk, opportunity cost and certain other factors like duration, etc. A variable discount rate with higher rates applied to cash flows occurring further along the time span might be used to reflect theyield curvepremium for long-term debt. The better approach of calculating discount rate is the CAPM model. It is known as Capita Asset Pricing Model. This is a model that shows relationship between two things. One is risk and the other is other is expected return in the mindset of the investors. This model helps in pricing securities. Here the approach is to compensate the investor in two forms. One is the time value of money and the other is the risk they take by investing in the company. The time value of money has a denotation risk free rate. This is the one that compensate the investors. One can say it is an opportunity cost, the cost of next best alternative forgone. This rate is calculated by using a risk factor known as beta. Basically beta helps a company in comparing results with the other firms in the market. It is the expected return that an investor expects from the market. It consists of certain terms such as Rf which is known as risk free rate, Rm which is known as Risk premium and b which is known as Beta. Net Present value indicates the amount of premium an investment adds to the project it means how much one gets over and above his investment. The only disadvantage of this method is that when we compare projects with different lives we cannot come to conclusion using this method. Under this method the focus is only on the difference between the inflow and the outflow. Both are discounted at cost of capital. A project that has a higher duration than the project which has a lesser duration is assumed to be same under this. Here a modified IRR is used. Further we assume that there is no new investment in between the project If... Result Action to be taken NPV 0 The company should go with the project The chances of acceptance of a project increases NPV 0 The company will incur losses by accepting such project No need to accept the project NPV = 0 The company will be indifferent Use other techniques to evaluate the project such as IRR, Payback and Discounted Payback 3. Payback Period This method is used under capital budgeting to evaluate the time period in which the amount invested will be recovered by the entity. One can say it as a breakeven point. Payback period is the time period within which an entity will recover its investment of its cash inflow. But the negative side of payback period is that it does not consider time value of money. For the purpose of decision making those projects are preferred that have a shorter payback period than those that have a higher payback period. The best part of it is that this method is easy to apply than all the other methods. The solution can be arrived quickly. It is very easy to understand irrespective of the field in which one is working. 4. Discounted Pay Back Period The project takes years to implement. In between these years it may happen that the entity starts earnings that might result in cash inflows and these inflows reduce the amount of investment. Discounted Payback Period is the amount of time required to recover the cost of the investment made in the project. Here we add all positive discounted cash flows. The only advantage of Discounted Payback Period over payback period is that Discounted Payback Period considers time value of money whereas payback period does not consider time value of money. All those projects that have negative NPV will never have a Discounted Payback Period. Future cash flows are considered are discounted to time "zero." 5. Accounting Rate of Return This is the amount or rate of return an investor can expect based on his/her investment made on the company. It divides the average profits earned by the company with the initial investments in order to get the rate of return in the project. This helps any investor to make a comparison the profit potential for projects, products and investments. The ARR is a percentage return. Say, if ARR = 7%, then it means that the project is expected to earn seven cents out of each dollar invested (yearly). If the ARR is equal to or greater than the required rate of return, the project is acceptable. If it is less than the desired rate, it should be rejected. When comparing investments, the higher the ARR, the more attractive the investment.Over one-half of large firms calculate ARR when appraising projects. ARR=Average Return during the period/Average Investment Average Investment = Book value at the beginning of the year 1+ book value at the end of the useful life/2 Application of the Technique We select Net Present Value method to evaluate the project because it considers time value of money. There are certain disadvantages of Net Present Value but the factors present in our project does not lead to any such situation that attracts disadvantages. The calculations are done as follows Particulars Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Receipt or Inflow Total No. of Passengers 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 Fare per passenger RM3,100.00 RM3,100.00 RM3,255.00 RM3,417.75 RM3,588.64 RM3,768.07 Total Receipt RM10,230,000.00 RM10,741,500.00 RM11,278,575.00 RM11,842,503.75 RM12,434,628.94 Outflow or Expenditure Depreciation RM2,000,000.00 RM200,000.00 RM200,000.00 RM200,000.00 RM200,000.00 RM200,000.00 Refreshment Cost RM8,000,000.00 RM8,000,000.00 RM8,400,000.00 RM8,820,000.00 RM9,261,000.00 RM9,724,050.00 Earnings Lost RM90,000.00 RM90,000.00 RM94,500.00 RM99,225.00 RM104,186.25 RM109,395.56 Additional Cost RM450,000.00 RM450,000.00 RM472,500.00 RM496,125.00 RM520,931.25 RM546,977.81 Maintenance Material RM385,000.00 RM385,000.00 RM404,250.00 RM424,462.50 RM445,685.63 RM467,969.91 Cabin Crew Staff RM160,000.00 RM160,000.00 RM168,000.00 RM176,400.00 RM185,220.00 RM194,481.00 Total Cost RM9,285,000.00 RM9,739,250.00 RM10,216,212.50 RM10,717,023.13 RM11,242,874.28 Net Profit RM945,000.00 RM1,002,250.00 RM1,062,362.50 RM1,125,480.63 RM1,191,754.66 Tax Rate 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% Tax RM236,250.00 RM250,562.50 RM265,590.63 RM281,370.16 RM297,938.66 Profit After Tax RM708,750.00 RM751,687.50 RM796,771.88 RM844,110.47 RM893,815.99 Add: Depreciation RM200,000.00 RM200,000.00 RM200,000.00 RM200,000.00 RM200,000.00 Cash profit After Tax RM908,750.00 RM951,687.50 RM996,771.88 RM1,044,110.47 RM1,093,815.99 By using Net Present value we see the following results Year Cash Flow After Tax PVF @ 11.64% Discounted PVF 1 RM908,750.00 RM0.90 RM814,000.36 2 RM951,687.50 RM0.80 RM763,580.29 3 RM996,771.88 RM0.72 RM716,368.19 4 RM1,044,110.47 RM0.64 RM672,151.45 5 RM1,093,815.99 RM0.58 RM630,732.38 Net Present value RM3,596,832.67 Estimation of Cost of Capital Cost of capital It is basically the cost that has to be paid by an entity for financing a business. It mainly depends on the modes of financing used. In case if the whole entity is financed through just equity capital then the cost of capital is the cost of equity. As equity shareholders cannot demand right in the profits. The cost of capital is the dividend that is paid to them every year. It changes every year if the company has profits that are volatile. In case if the entity is financed through debt or loan then the cost of debt is the cost of capital. It is the interest that is paid to the debt holders. But in case if the company has a mixture of equity and debt then we use the term weighted average cost of capital and not cost of capital. It is also known as hurdle rate that the entity must ensure before it can generate value. This is more widely used in capital budgeting process. Cost of capital is a cost of entitys funds. We look to it from the point of view of the investor. The investors expect a minimum return on their investment. This is used for evaluating capital budgeting decisions. In order for an investment to be attractive the expected return on its capital must be greater than the cost of capital of the company. This is the minimum return that is expected by an investor when he/she/it invests in the entity. One can term it as a bench mark that has to be met for any project. Cost of capital consists of two things. 1. Cost of debt: These are loans borrowed from outside institutions and debentures. The company pays interest in the form of cost of debt. The cost of debt is calculated by taking a risk free bond as a base which has duration similar to the debt raised by an entity. A premium is added depending upon the risk class. The rate is than discounted by tax rate as the interest is a tax deductible item. So the entity gets the benefit of tax savings on it. The formula is written as (Risk free rate + credit risk rate)(1-Tax rate). 2. Cost of equity: The dividend that is paid to them every year. The formula is shown as follows Cost of equity = Risk free rate of return + Premium expected for risk Cost of equity = Risk free rate of return + Beta x (market rate of return- risk free rate of return) where Beta= sensitivity to movements in the relevant market Es=Rf+Bs(Rm-Rf) Where Es= The expected return on security Rf= the expected risk free return on the market Bs=the beta or the sensitivity to the market risk Rm= the market return (Rm-Rf)= risk premium The risk free rate is taken from the lowest yielding bonds in the particular market, such asgovernment bonds. The computation of cost of capital for the company is done as follow. We see that the growth rate is 8% and this will continue till perpetuity. Here we will calculate the cost of equity from Capital Asset Pricing Model CAPM This is a model that shows relationship between two things. One is risk and the other is other is expected return in the mindset of the investors. This model helps in pricing securities. Here the approach is to compensate the investor in two forms. One is the time value of money and the other is the risk they take by investing in the company. The time value of money has a denotation risk free rate. This is the one that compensate the investors. One can say it is an opportunity cost, the cost of next best alternative forgone. This rate is calculated by using a risk factor known as beta. Basically beta helps a company in comparing results with the other firms in the market. It is the expected return that an investor expects from the market. It consists of certain terms such as Rf which is known as risk free rate, Rm which is known as Risk premium and b which is known as Beta. The Cash flows are discounted at Weighted Average Cost of Capital i.e. 11.64%. this is calculated as follows Calculation of cost of debt Particulars $ Rate 12% Term of debt 15 years Redemption Value $1,153.72 Face value $1,000.00 Interest $120.00 Tax 25% After tax interest $90.00 Kd 7.40% Calculation of Cost of Preferred Stock Particulars $ Dividend $10.00 Market price $111.10 Kp 9.00% Calculation of Equity Stock Particulars $ Market Price $50.00 Do(Last Dividend) $4.19 Growth Rate 5% Next Dividend $4.40 Ke 13.80% Ke as per CAPM Risk Free Rate 7% Beta 1.2 Risk Premium 6% Ke 14.20% Calculation of Weighted Average Cost of Capital WACC % Weight Weighted Average Ke 14.2 0.6 8.52 Kp 9 0.1 0.9 Kd 7.4 0.3 2.22 WACC 11.64% Notes forming part of calculations 1. There are certain costs which are irrelevant and are ignored in calculations. These are known to be sunk cost. Under Capital Budgeting, those costs which are already incurred are known as sunk cost and are not relevant for the project. An outflow that has already been done and there are no chances that the cost incurred will be. There is a difference between sunk cost and other cost, future costs that a business has to incur. The examples of these are inventory costs or RD expenses. These costs have no relation with future. They are independent cost. Market research cost RM 250000 and the cost of retrenched employee is sunk cost. 2. The remaining costs are relevant cost. One can say all the variable cost that differ from project to project is relevant cost. 3. Depreciation comes into picture when the tax rate is given as the entity can get the benefit of tax savings on depreciation. Conclusion The company can go with NPV method. We see that the NPV is positive. It is RM 3596833. So Royal Airways should go with the project. But while undertaking the project it should consider certain assumptions. These earnings or the net inflow received during the year are not invested in the current project and are set aside. The company should also continue beyond five years. The company should scarp the machine after five years and it should purchase a new one and should continue with the project. The return on this project for all five years is approimately 30% which is relly a handful investment. Further the inflows of all the years should be again invested when earned as it will earn the company more profit. It can invest in fixed deposits also. The project is feasible and viable. References Investing Answer, 2014, Capital Asset Pricing Model, viewed on 23rd January 2015, available at https://www.investinganswers.com/financial-dictionary/stock-valuation/capital-asset-pricing-model-capm-1125 Investing Answer, 2014, Internal Rate of Return, viewed on 23rd January 2015, available at https://www.investinganswers.com/financial-dictionary/investing/internal-rate-return-irr-2130 Business Dictionary, (ND), Net Present Value, viewed on 23rd January 2015, available at https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/net-present-value-NPV.html Accounting Explained, (ND), Net Present Value, viewed on 23rd January 2015, available at https://accountingexplained.com/managerial/capital-budgeting/npv Accounting Explained, (ND), Accounting Rate of Return, viewed on 23rd January 2015, available at https://accountingexplained.com/managerial/capital-budgeting/arr Accounting tools, 2013, What is Accounting Rate of Return, viewed on 23rd January 2015, available at https://www.accountingtools.com/questions-and-answers/what-is-the-accounting-rate-of-return.html Eugene F. Fama and Kenneth R. French, 2004, The Capital Asset Pricing Model Theory and Evidence viewed on 23rd January 2015, available at https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/0895330042162430 Karl Sigman, 2005, Capital Asset Pricing Model viewed on 23rd January 2015, available at https://www.columbia.edu/~ks20/FE-Notes/4700-07-Notes-CAPM.pdf Richard Pike and Bill Neale, (ND), Corporate Finance and Investment, viewed on 23rd January 2015, available at https://sg3-attach.ymail.com/in.f1926.mail.yahoo.com/ya/securedownload?m=YaDownloadmid=2_0_0_1_9758132_ADSvCmoAABJxVKT3oQK7OJ6%2F0s4fid=Inboxpid=2clean=0appid=YahooMailNeocred=xK98USpXnckug2cOxUSs4sSQvFwV_PBE2I3jQHhBrOy0wsTzej1XbyhSts=1420307041partner=ymailsig=y_d47MDYmbi5RbHRPHEvYg--

White Dove of Cordoba Review Essay Example

White Dove of Cordoba Review Paper Essay on White Dove of Cordoba Speaking about the novel and its hero the artist Zohar Cordovà ­n, forged paintings of great masters, so that they themselves could not distinguish the copy from the original you can safely quote books on literary theory and literary encyclopedia, adventure novel section: so typical of the novel. at the heart of this novel is a hero, experiencing all kinds of adventures, the readers were amused by their clever antics of experiencing occasional and external adventures (amorous intrigues, meeting with the robbers (in the modern version, of course -. Litkriti the k), a successful career, a clever money scam, and so on. p.) here and interest in the individual personality and its destiny and savoring everyday details (Literary Encyclopedia, and so on and so on. Life protagonist ruled the case, coincidence to say the manner of Zahara Cordovà ­n in the words of Sema uncle a coincidence in the coincidence and the coincidence of chases sometimes naively, with the author each time allows the reader to make the discovery before the hero We will write a custom essay sample on White Dove of Cordoba Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on White Dove of Cordoba Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on White Dove of Cordoba Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer still, it would be desirable to detect. something unique and valuable to the wide geography adventures cloying blagoro -stand pirate and the favorite of women, speaking in all languages, with the hackneyed theme of secret Vatican treasures for casual affected, but not open the theme of the divine essence of the artist-creator and the messianic role of the artist to abandon his I and regenerating a deceased masters. There is in the novel box Vinnytsia characters, a big role in the story is not playing, but make up the inner world Cordovà ­n artist. he creates himself out of the world of particles; not traits define its personality they are just typical and medium tableaux of his childhood. All these local crazy with markesovskim, naive and magical perception of life the old man, blue sky with unbearable heavenly blue flowing from his eyes, Victor-dove, in the courtyard of his house, like the dovecote, built a dovecote, like a house or a radiant in fragile and shimmering iridescent glass Glaser-glazier this is what is valuable in the novel. However, this is not enough. Entertain novel, not napryazhot mind, give a bit of energy but no more than that The only thing in the novel actually its a small digression about human incompetence, repeated throughout the history of the same error, in which the author evinces its multiple anti-Islamic sentiment: about three religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam, respectively) The Spirit of one of them hovered noiselessly over the Juderà ­a, the night mourning for a long time disappeared the shadows The spirit of the second, originally born of love, numb and clothed to pump znye robe, to groom himself so that there is no place to wait even a drop of semen that same primal love. Spirit third perverted and furiously spewing threat and sending messengers of death in all the coasts of the world Here the author predicts Europe, had already let to the land of the Moors, but has forgotten his past mistakes, the new holocaust : Goodbye, Europe! Arrivederci Roma! Allahakbar, Munich not far off the final solution of the European problem - by analogy with the Nazi final solution of the Jewish question  ».

Clothing Line Essays

Clothing Line Essays Clothing Line Essay Clothing Line Essay What strategies can Giordano use in order to maintain its current position of being the number one leading and Innovative company In Asia? Secondary Problem: 4. How does customers responds to the marketing strategies of Giordano competitors? 5. What factors from the companys micromanagement directly affects the competition? 7. 1 . IV. Statement of Objectives 2. Identify the consumer responses to the marketing strategies of their competitors. 3. Identify the micromanagement factors that affect the companys growth or competition. 4. Craft and effective improvement plan 8. V. Areas of Consideration (SOOT Analysis) Strength Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Giordano has an excellent pool of service staff that delivers an unparalleled good customer assistance service. Lack of strong brakeman or icon. Asians are one of the best target customers for they not too classy in their types of clothes compared to Europeans. Giordano faces a tough competition with other low-priced apparel. Giordano has an excellent inventory control and computerizing. They had no contingency plans regarding unforeseen circumstances for their inventory control center. They can have a relatively large sales for their products. Piracy of apparels and trademarks. Giordano has a good positioning of more-for-less (value-for-money) strategy supported by strict cost control procedures. The company lack the flexibility hat some of Its competitors possess. (Product development) Further expansion Into overseas markets. Europe and Africa also have a high potentials and growing 1 OFF aggressive advertising and promotions strategy. Prices of products are higher compared to other competitors like Hang Ten, Bossing and Baleen. Growing demand for casual wears. Changing demographics of customers who have changing needs based on their culture and habits. 9. V. Areas of Consideration (SOOT Analysis) Strength Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Giordano has an excellent pool of service staff that delivers an unparalleled good customer assistance service. Lack of strong brakeman or icon. Asians are one of the best target customers for they not too classy in their types of clothes compared to Europeans. Giordano faces a tough competition with other low-priced apparel. Giordano has an excellent inventory control and computerizing. They had no contingency plans regarding unforeseen circumstances for their inventory control center. They can have a relatively large sales for their products. Piracy of apparels and trademarks. Giordano has a good positioning of more-for-less (value-for-money) strategy supported by strict cost control procedures. The company lack the flexibility that some of its competitors possess. (Product development) Further expansion into overseas markets. Europe and Africa also have a high potentials and growing markets. The same marketing strategies with other competitors. Giordano has an aggressive advertising and promotions strategy. Prices of products are higher compared to other competitors like Hang Ten, Bossing and Baleen. Growing demand for casual wears. Changing demographics of customers who have changing needs based on their culture and habits. 10. 1. VI. Alternative Courses of Action 2. Watch out for the new trends in consumer buying behavior. 3. Innovate and create new product. 4. Maintain the more-for-less positioning strategy through effective cost control. 5. Maintain the good IT integration in the companys sales and decision making. 1 . 2. Expand the target market of the company by venturing into other untapped markets of Asia or even America and Europe. 3. Generate a new market segment. 4. Analyze the strategy and the result of strategy that its competitors is using. 12. 1. VI. Strategy Formulation 2. Marketing Research gather inputs from the customers who purchase the products. Survey Questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions. 3. Mar keting Information System- maintain the information gathered from every customer contacts through the help of the I. T. Department. . Innovations- in terms of product variety would be an effective tool. 5. Place- outlets should be at convenient locations for customers easy access. 6. Promos and Customer Loyalty Programs- it can help to retain and attract customers. 13. VIII. Action Plans Marketing/Sales Department Human Resources Department Accounting Department Information Technology Department Top Management Tie-up with fashion magazines. Be alert with different marketing offers of the competitor. Continue to hire and train high-caliber service staff for the company. Report all sources of major costs and expenses of the company as well as some recommendations to resolve it. Create an interactive website for the consumers. Seek advice from marketing experts, business analysts and other and fashions. The company must train service staff in doing personalized service like calling regular guests by their names, noting down preferences. Gather information about the customers taste and preferences in fashion. Maintain a good company image. Embark a more aggressive promotion to upper-class clientele by Joining Fashion Week. Train the service staff in providing a more relaxed environment in the stores. Come up with a fan page in social networks. Build a strong Corporate Social Responsibility. Maintain an excellent level of customer service at all times. Encourage service staff to engage in a informal conversation with the guests about fashion offered by the brand. Procure a personalized software where clients information can be stored and accessed anytime by the staff. 14. 1. X. Potential Problems 2. Inaccurate customer survey result may occur 3. It may be very hard to track down the competitors moves and strategies. . Competitors may procure the same software that Giordano uses for its inventory management.

Writing the Self in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Writing the Self in China - Essay Example My girlfriend is a very sensitive person. In her receiving advice from others on how to overcome problems having to do with our relationship, this gave her a sense of security which she did not previously have. The expression through the blog spot gave her the awareness of an active voice. This awareness of an active voice gave her the sensations which are similar to having an audience in front of her. This allowed my girlfriend to express all of the feelings which she had not previously expressed. As I was spending the year in Guangzhou, I had the experience of writing about the self as the self relates to emotion and individuality. It was a relief to be able to write freely about emotion and individuality in a China which evolved from the 1989 social movement of post socialist China (Wang 2006 p 5). When we visited a tea house in Guangzhou, my girlfriend told me that she was creating a web blog. This was in order to seek advice from strangers about how to overcome the problems that we had been having in our relationship. As a result of our discussion, I browsed the internet and discovered that aside from my girlfriends blog about her personal life, many Chinese people were also engaging in the same activities. These activities consisted of posting messages on blogs with regards to various issues that they were experiencing in their relationships with their partners. These Chinese people were seeking advice on relationship issues from others who they were not well acquainted with. My girlfriends web blog demonstrated the complexity of interpersonal relationships of post- socialist China. Freedom of speech and freedom of the press were now commonplace, part of a new Chinese neo-liberalism (Wang 2006 p 103). Neoliberalism cannot be viewed as an ideology. It can be expressed as an established set of behaviors which motivate individualism, autonomy and self expression

The Numbing of the American Mind Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Numbing of the American Mind - Assignment Example In response to the psychological tuning, the society describes each event in relation to the presentation offered by the media industry. The success of the media in shaping the society is evident in the way it shapes the people’s behavior. The shaping of the new buildings and towns has led to the erasure of the history. Currently, in order to access the traditional architecture of a city or town, the remaining areas which are considered forgotten to play a pivotal role in shaping the traditional architecture? The crucial question The main problem with the whole situation is that humans are tuned to reason or behave in a way that does not encourage thinking outside the box. Consequently, humanity tends to behave the way the media has turned them. In response to the psychological tuning, the society describes each event in relation to the presentation offered by the media industries why the change of buildings and can the traditional buildings be conserved. The approach has ensured that events that occurred in the past cannot be revisited easily because of the continual erasure of the features that may bring the issue to remembrance. In fact, issues such as having animals in captivity have eliminated the need for nature. Wolfs and dolphins in captivity will behave differently compared to those in the wild (Zengotita 34). The wild adventure is not thrilling anymore as a result of the ever-increasing access to caged animals. Natural things have become limited and precious with some being considered icons. In the past, camp out involved a close encounter with nature, this has changed exceedingly. However, the current societal changes have made it impossible for the events to be undertaken. The leading force of discouragement is the media. Consequently, the media have taught the challenges and tragic encounter as the only probable encounter creating fear within the society. Thus, changing preference from nature to visiting the animal orphanage or caged animals. In addition, even the advertisement of products and services are exaggerated because they depict lack of realism. For instance, the advertisement of SUVs includes depicting of the abilities that the car cannot obtain such as crossing rivers and extremely difficult terrain.

Ethical Theories and Principles in Healthcare Essay

Ethical Theories and Principles in Healthcare - Essay Example Religious beliefs may go against this, but people must understand that sometimes it becomes crucial for the physicians to make the patient die with dignity and peace rather than leave him die in distress. This way, personal standards and personal beliefs of the physicians, at times, conflict with the demands of the patients. I believe that informed consent is an important ethical consideration that is about having the capable patient take part in making decisions about his healthcare and treatment process (Wear, 1992). . Confidentiality is also a crucial ethical issue, which must be maintained between patient and the physician during decision-making. My views best relate with two ethical frameworks: (1) Deontology, which focuses on that physicians should stick to their responsibilities when they are facing a dilemma in making ethical decisions. This will help them to make consistent decisions while adhering to their ethical obligations. (2) Utilitarianism, a theory that helps the phy sician in making choices whose consequences are better for the patient. He will make a decision that will yield greatest benefit to all

Analysis of Macroscopic Traffic Flow Parameters

Analysis of Macroscopic Traffic Flow Parameters ANALYSIS OF MACROSCOPIC TRAFFIC FLOW PARAMETERS OF HETEROGENEOUS TRAFFIC A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED STRETCH OF DAKOR Abstract Keywords: Traffic flow, macroscopic parameter, capacity, level of service. Transportation refers as a movement of persons, animals and goods from one place (origin) to another place (destination). Now a days, transportation is going to be a part of our life to achieve our necessity. Increase in transportation is because of increase in population basically. The population of India is growing rapidly with a national average growth rate of 2.7 percent per annum (Census of India, 2010). The growing cities have generated the high levels of demand for travel by motor vehicles in the cities. This has resulted in tremendous increase in the population of automobiles in the cities. The Indian population increased with a decadal growth of 17.64% (census 2011) and annual growth rate of 1.2% (World Bank report). Next to this, the revolution in the automobile industry, liberalized economy and change in peoples life has led to tremendous increase in the vehicle ownership levels. This has resulted in changing in nature of traffic characteristics on road network and ultimat ely it affects the capacity of roadway, level of service on stream and congestion on roadway. Hence reduce in speed, unwanted traffic delays, road accidents, traffic jam, increase in travel time etc. are resulted. Therefore, the analysis of traffic stream parameter is needed to study for the effective planning, design, operation and maintenance of roadway system. Homogeneous traffic has strict lane discipline and has traffic entity types whose physical dimensions do not vary much. In the nonhomogeneous traffic they loose lane discipline prevails. The physical dimensions of the traffic entities vary greatly. Operationally, acceleration and deceleration characteristics vary greatly because nonmotorized traffic entities exist along with motorized vehicles on the road. The most of the studies in such traffic make use of the methods and concepts developed for homogeneous traffic. In India, it seems that the traffic is greatly differ due to vehicular and road user characteristics. The interaction between different size vehicles and their drivers as well as the infrastructure gives rise to many complex phenomena on our roads. To understand traffic flow, relationships have been established between the two main characteristics: flow and velocity. Flow, speed, and density are the critical parameters used to describe characteristics of traffic flow. A traffic flow fundamental diagram is used to characterize the relation between these three parameters, and plays an important role in traffic flow theory and traffic engineering. In capacity analysis, speed-flow relation models are used to determine the level of service. The time gap between successive vehicle arrivals, namely, time headway between vehicles is an important traffic flow characteristic that affects the safety, level of service and road capacity. Understanding time headways and their distributions will en able better management of traffic. The aim of study is to analyse the macroscopic traffic flow parameters of heterogeneous traffic on selected stretch of Dakor. The objectives of study are as following, To estimate the basic traffic flow parameters for different traffic stream under study. To develop analytical relationship among traffic flow parameters. To determine the congestion, capacity and level of service of selected road stretch under study. To suggest the suitable solution for the observed problem of congestion. Dakor is a pilgrim area and it is observed that a large amount of trip attraction takes place. The surrounding area comprise of large numbers of quarries, as a result of this major traffic observed at the site are multi axle trucks, resulting into considerable congestion. Hence it is necessary to understand the traffic behavior at the chosen site. Dakor, in its earlier phases as pilgrimage center in Gujarat, was famous for the Danknath temple, a place of Shiva worship. Recently, Dakor is included in one of the six major pilgrimage places under Yatradham Vikas Board by Government of Gujarat for development as a well-planned and well organized pilgrimage place to facilitate the lacs and lacs of visiting pilgrims. More than 70-80 lacs of pilgrims visit the place every year and a continuous increase is witnessed every year. Dakor is located at 22.75ÂÂ °N 73.15ÂÂ °E. By visual observation and pilot survey, it is examine that the traffic density increases to jam density. METHODOLOGY DATA COLLECTION The study consist of conducting various surveys on selected stretches of Dakor. Data collection is carried out carefully as it is the raw data for final analysis. There are two types of data collected in data collection namely Primary Data and Secondary Data. Primary data is collected from spot speed survey, classified volume count survey and road geometry data by self-measurement of road stretch. Whenever secondary data is collected from the maps given by Road Building Department of Kheda District. Primary data collection Road inventory, traffic volume count and spot speed study is carried out manually. Classified volume count Number of vehicles passing through a point or entering a stretch is considered in the analysis of roadway operations. Traffic volume can be counted by manual or video graphic techniques. Here manual traffic survey is carried out for 09:00 am to 7:00 pm with 15 minute time interval and volume of traffic is calculated using tally counter on mid-block section of Dakor to Umreth road. Analysis of traffic volume data has been done and following results shows the composition if traffic on road and variation of traffic on road. Figure: Traffic volume analysis for Dakor to Umreth Figure: Traffic volume analysis for Umreth to Dakor Spot speed study Speed is one of the most important characteristic of traffic as measure of effectiveness of traffic system performance. Speed is highly sensitive to the interaction among vehicles in the stream. The spot speed study is carried out on Dakor to Umreth road. The average speed, time mean speed, space mean speed, standard deviation is calculated from spot speed data. Spot speed study data analysis on Umreth to Dakor road standard deviation Space mean speed (km/hr) time mean speed (km/hr) median speed (km/hr) minimum speed (km/hr) maximum speed (km/hr) 2-w 8.07 37.11 38.75 38.57 25.71 56.84 3-w 8.12 33.48 35.16 31.76 22.04 54 4-w 11.31 37.47 40.46 37.91 26.34 63.53 Bus 7.33 35.67 37.07 36.62 26.34 51.43 Truck 3.29 32.65 33.01 32.73 27.69 40.00 Multi Axle Truck 4.79 35.98 36.61 36.00 27.69 46.96 LCV 4.30 34.59 35.09 34.29 27.69 51.43 Spot speed study data on Dakor to Umreth road standard deviation Space mean speed (km/hr) time mean speed (km/hr) median speed (km/hr) minimum speed (km/hr) maximum speed (km/hr) 2-w 4.65 38.23 37.70 37.96 30.86 60 3-w 5.83 33.86 34.85 33.75 24 46.96 4-w 7.29 41.47 42.97 41.54 23.48 60 Bus 5.73 34.57 35.49 34.29 23.48 54 Truck 5.14 35.34 36.05 34.84 27.69 49.05 Multi Axle Truck 3.68 36.97 37.32 37.31 30 46.96 LCV 3.10 37.80 38.05 37.96 30.86 45.00

Levinas on the Border(s) :: Teaching Education

Levinas on the Border(s) ABSTRACT: This essay explores my own situation of teaching philosophy in a more or less traditional undergraduate setting but in a way that is especially relevant to the theme of this Congress, namely, the theme of "philosophy educating humanity." In my case, I teach philosophy but from a perspective that is non-traditional and which undercuts the standard questions originating from and orienting around a "philosophia perennia." Specifically, I teach philosophy of religion from the perspective of Jewish philosophy, and even more specifically, from the perspective of the French Jewish philosophy of Emmanuelle Levinas. Moreover, I teach philosophy in an educational environment that is representative of the greater global community because I teach at the University of Texas at El Paso, situated on the border that separates the United States and Latin America. Finally, my teaching situation is one that is further marginalized because of the precarious nature of my academic position, name ly, trained outside the traditional borders of philosophical faculty and working at first as a part-timer and only recently as a full-time, non-tenure track teacher of philosophy and humanities. Hence, I offer my experience of doing work of successfully teaching philosophy "on the borders" in the hope that others gathered here will be challenged to think differently about their own way of educating others. What follows is about teaching the philosophy of Levinas, on the Mexico/USA border, on the border of a traditional discipline of philosophy (the philosophy of religion), and on the border of academia--as a non-tenure-track, non-traditionally trained Lecturer in Philosophy and Humanities at the University of Texas at El Paso. The relevance of these three interrelated themes for the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, whose theme is "Philosophy Educating Humanity," should be at least initially obvious, but a few preliminary remarks should clear up any confusions about my title. Most important of all, my scope is broader and deeper than the stated regional or academic limits. I contend that how I do what I do where I am at, and with whom I teach and learn has inter-national and inter-cultural significance which justifies inclusion of my remarks in an international Paideia forum. As a non-Jew with a degree in Religious Studies, I teach the philosophy of Levinas, a French-Jewish philosopher, in a relatively traditional Program of Philosophy to Spanish-speaking-Mexicans, Mexican-Americans, and Anglo-Americans. Moreover, I do so in the predominantly Christo-centric and conservative cultural climate of the border region of El Paso, USA and Juarez, Mexico.

History of advertising Essay

Read the complete article about the history of advertising, then complete the following items. 1. In a complete paragraph of approximately 7 to 10 sentences, write an objective summary of the article. In the 21st Century, advertising plays a big role in marketing. All products you see in stores and shopping centers, all use advertising. Without advertising, the product would not be able to sell. This is because no one would ever know it exists in the first place. For advertising to work, you need to use different techniques to affect people emotions. To do this you must combine creativity with strategy and come out with different messages for the viewer. You could get more attention with the advertisement if you make it fun. Another good strategy is to make your advertisement look like it will give the person power. But you must be sure it will because the public can accuse you of false advertisement. 2. Based on what you have read, what can you infer about the relationship between advertising and the price you pay for a product and/or service? Please include a direct quote from the article to support your inference. Answer the question in 2 to 3 sentences. The price you pay for a product is determined by its popularity. If it is a popular item, most likely the price will go up, if it’s a non-popular item, prices will be low. Quote: â€Å"it has been argued that the consumer must pay for the cost of advertising in the form of higher prices for goods; against this point it is argued that advertising enables goods to be mass marketed, thereby bringing prices down.†

The Effects of Salt Water on Gummy Bears

Marisela Andrade The Effects of Salt Water on Gummy Bears Facilitated diffusion depends on passive transport. Molecules cross cell membrane by diffusion. A type of diffusion is osmosis. If no energy is input into the system during diffusion, the molecules will reach a state of equilibrium. The purpose of this experiment was to study why the death occurred among those who drank salt water. Two blue gummy bears had a height of 2 centimeters each. The mass of these gummy bears together were 5. 28 grams.Two orange gummy bears had a height of 2 centimeters each. The mass of these gummy bears together were 5. 37 grams. The blue gummy bears were contained in water for 24 hours while the orange gummy bears were kept in a container filled with 3. 5% salt water for 24 hours. The gummy bears were taken out of these containers after 24 hours and measured for their mass and height again. The blue gummy bears height decreased to 1. 8 centimeters each and its mass decreased by 32%. The orange gummi es height increased to 2. 5 centimeters and its mass increased by 62%.Gummy bears are made up of a mixture of sugar and glucose syrup along with citric acid and gelatin. Citric acid is an organic acid to add a sour taste to food and drinks. Gelatin is a mixture of peptides and proteins produced by partial hydrolysis of collagen extracted from the skin. Therefore, the salt water entered the blue gummy bear and mixed up with the sugar and glucose syrup leaving it small and hard. The orange gummy bear increased in size and mass because the water entered the body and mixed up with ingredients, causing the gelatin to grow.

Creature of the Depths Professor Ramos Blog

Creature of the Depths Often things that are called monsters are not monsters at all, sometimes a lack of understanding is what drives people to label such things as monsters. Whether it be fear of the unknown or a lack of empathy, the word monster can be applied to most things. The unknown is a valid source of fear as it can be almost anything that one could possibly think of, so when sailors saw a giant squid off the side of their boat, their fear got the best of them. Thus, the Kraken was born, a creature of the deep that is of unparalleled size and mass, capable of dragging entire boats down to the cold dark depths with it. The creature was said to be large enough to snap entire ships in half with ease and devour unlucky crew members. The Kraken is a beast that has stood the test of time and has many different renditions of it becoming immortalized as an ever powerful being. This could also raise the question, what makes a good monster and what makes a bad one? While the Kraken is arguably one of the greatest monsters of the seas it is not generally something that inspires fear at the name of it. What it is more likely to happen is a piquing of curiosity as what is the Kraken and an interest to learn more about it rather than being afraid. So, for that reason, the Kraken is no more than a B rank monster at best for its lack of ability to inspire fear to those that hear the name. While not necessarily holding the same terror it once had, it still is a monster of great capability and worthy of respect. Monsters are what we make them, whether they are twenty feet tall and can level buildings in seconds or our neighbor’s kids that are always in the street. Monsters can be anything and anyone. Perspective is what makes monsters and there are arguably certain criteria that all good monsters have. Monsters are things that can strike fear into the hearts of men with just the mere sight of it, so a good trait of one would be the size. According to J.R Lowell’s â€Å"Ode to France† the Kraken would often be mistaken for an island (Alder). Even the smallest islands are not actually small, one can only imagine the sheer magnitude of the beast when islands are being used as measuring units. With its large size, one can assume that strength would follow along with it, by using its monstrous size tentacles that were powerful enough to sink ships, it would do so and devour any of the unlucky crew members (Alder). Should the sailors be able to somehow fend off the tentacles it would then, â€Å"Start swimming in circles around the ship, creating a fierce maelstrom to drag the vessel down† (Salvador). Meeting another requirement of what makes a good monster, the ability to indiscriminately and ruthlessly kill as it pleases. Killing with a good cause can sometimes be explainable and perhaps even justified but when senseless murder is involved, that is when the assailant begins to cross the line into what is called a monster. Lastly, what makes a good monster is the possibility of the beast being real. â€Å"Giant squid are among the largest invertebrates known, but a consensus on their maximum size is lacking† (Paxton). As most of the ocean remains largely unexplored the possibility of squids growing to obscene lengths is entirely possible. Scientists can approximate the general size of squid by looking at the beaks of squid and when squid’s suckers leave scars on whales, they are able to gauge the size of them (Paxton). Even with today’s science those approximations can still be off leaving the possibility of even larger squids existing, most being out of our reach it is hard to determine what the total maximum length of these creatures really is. The Kraken is also shown in different movies but remains nothing more than a B rank monster. The Kraken is frequently represented in movies and books but the way it is shown is rarely the same. Sometimes the only similarities of the monster are in name since the appearance of it can change so much. For example, one of the main monsters in Clash of the Titans (2010) is the Kraken and this iteration of the monster is a grand one. Towering well over the city and is shown to be in a more humanoid form rather than a giant squid like other versions of the beast. According to Cohen’s monster theory one, â€Å"The Monster’s Body is a Cultural Body† and represents a certain cultural moment of a time, feeling, or place. This can be applied because when looking at the culture of the ancient Greeks it consists of an assortment of Gods and a multitude of monsters that are equal in grandeur. Therefore, an equally grand version would be necessary to fit with the rest of the culture of the time. Monster theory number two can also be applied because at the end of the movie the Kraken turns to stone after being defeated by Perseus, but even though it dies at the end of the story, the monster returns in plenty of other movies. This iteration of the beast is something that comes out of nightmares and defiantly qualifies as a monster. A more realistic version of the Kraken is shown in the movies Pirates of the Caribbean film series but remains as an ever-terrifying beast. Arguably this version is the better and scarier one because this version does not come from a time of the gods but of men. The Kraken in this version is not fully shown but its tentacles and mouth are displayed at the end of Dead Man’s Chest (2006) devouring Jack Sparrow and subsequently dragging the entire ship down to the depths. In another part of the movie, it is shown with its tentacles snapping a whole ship in half at one point with ease, devouring the crew. How the first monster theory by Cohen is applied is by once again looking at the culture of the time set in the movie. Pirates are the rulers of the sea doing as they please occasionally fighting with British Navy using ships, cannons and swords. So, in this version, the Kraken need not be a giant monstrous being, but a squid octopus mix with grotesquely large tentacles that ensn are the crew members, snapping ships in half, and creating massive maelstroms. Another one of Cohens theories that can be applied is theory number two because although the Kraken is killed in the movie it still lives on to make another appearance in other books and movies and will continue to do so till its name fades from existence. This movies iteration of the monster shows a more real version of the monster and only makes it worse when the possibility of this creature existing and lurking in the remainder of our unexplored ocean remains.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, the monster known as the Kraken was perhaps once a very real terror to early Nordic sailors, but in todays day and age most will hardly bat an eye at the mention of its name. As shown in the movie Clash of the Titans (2010) the monster lives up to its name destroying everything in its path and while entertaining, it is hardly scary and fails to follow the lore of the beast. The depiction of the Kraken in the film series Pirate of The Caribbean is the better of the two and follows the legend of what the monster can do. While it does meet certain criteria of what makes a monster, it lacks the ability to create fear like many other monsters are capable of doing. Yes, it is capable of mass destruction and killing of the innocent, yes it is one of the undisputed ruler of the seas, yes it can cause massive storms. Although, for all that power and potential it lacks the notoriety of its monster brethren. For these reasons, while st ill grand stature, the Kraken can only be ranked as a B rank monster at best. Annotated Bibliography Alder, Emily. Kraken. The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters, Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock, Ashgate Publishing, 1st edition, 2014. Credo Reference, https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/ashgtmonster/kraken/0?institutionId=5312. Accessed 18 Jul. 2019.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This article summarizes what the Kraken or sea monster is and all the times it is brought up in book or movies. The likelihood of a real Kraken existing is high as a large part of the ocean remains vastly unexplored. As a secondary source this article is filled with references and quotes from books and movies making it a strong source. Also, being one a source from credo the credibility of this source is very high as well. Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. â€Å"Monster Culture(Seven Theses).†. Gothic Horror: A Guide for Students and readers (2007):198-217. This excerpt of pages from Monster Culture argues that all monsters can be found or are created from seven theses. The theses are well laid out and provide a number of examples and strong quotes that are going to be very useful when applying to my specific monster. I plan to apply these theories to the monster that I am researching to get a better understanding and evaluation of it. The source is one that can be considered to have high credibility as it is something that is used to teach college students critical thinking. Leterrier, Louis, director. Clash of the Titans. Warner Bros. Pictures, 2010. This movie is a retelling of a movie that had previously come out in the year 1981 and was redone in the year 2010. The story’s setting is in ancient Greek times and involves gods and other mythical creatures. Perseus sets out to save Andromeda from the kraken by killing medusa as well as the kraken in order to save her. I plan to use this movie as a reference to how there are many different iterations of the kraken and in this movie the version of it is grand. Paxton, C. G. M. â€Å"Unleashing the Kraken: On the Maximum Length in Giant Squid ( Architeuthis Sp.).† Journal of Zoology, vol. 300, no. 2, Oct. 2016, pp. 82–88. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/jzo.12347. This article talks about the different types of marine life and their sizes and at the same time argues the possibility of the kraken existing. Explaining how scientists are able to determine how large squid are by beak size or even the scars left on whales. This article can be very useful when explaining some of the fears that early sailors had when seeing a very large squid in the waters. The credibility of this source is strong as well because it is an academic journal. Verbinski, Gore, director. Pirates of the Caribbean 2: Dead Mans Chest. Walt Disney, 2006. Pirates of the Caribbean has shown the kraken in at least two of their movies and being a more modern movie shows it well. The kraken is shown to be a devourer of ships essentially snapping them in half and dragging it down to the depths. In this movie the kraken is shown to be a pet of sorts belonging to Davey Jones and does his bidding. I plan to use it as a comparison between the two movies to show the differences as well as similarities. Work Cited Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe. â€Å"The Real-Life Origins of the Legendary Kraken.† The Conversation, Mary Evans Picture Library/Alamy,17 Aug. 2018, theconversation.com/the-real-life-origins-of-the-legendary-kraken-52058

Controlling Organized Crime Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Controlling Organized Crime - Research Paper Example 3). Apparently, organized crimes raise a number of issues to the American society. Organized criminal groups have taken steep root that they even influence the media, win votes in the election, and influence and use officers who are in charge of law and order. In a democratic government, sometimes the political leaders also become the key elements in such organizations by providing as much support to the members. When such criminals get into the political institutions, the entire political system gradually becomes undercut, and nobody gets benefited from it except those schemers and manipulators. The money that is derived from the organized crime is so huge that can create a parallel economy in the country. Once this situation continues longer, country’s economy may suffer from inflation and price hikes. The illegal supply of arms can cause subversive activities and subsequently a kind of chaos unless the scenario becomes under control. Altogether, organized crime is a potenti al threat that can raise numerous challenges to a nation’s existence. According to Shelley (2002), today terrorism and transnational crime are the two central threats to our national and international safety. According to the author the linkage between the two is highly evident, for both use the similar mean to exploit the modern technology, use the same operators and same systems to move their fund, maintain a good network, and involve in crime in order to meet fund for their activities. Organized crime is the main source of income for the modern terrorist groups. They always want to conceal the source of money. As Schmid (2006) points out, according to the general concept, terrorism is aiming at certain changes in the political scenario; whereas organized crime looks at fiscal benefits through the illegal means (p.3). Admittedly, the author’s findings on terrorism seem rather weak in the present global scenario because the real objective of the modern terror organiza tions is ambiguous. However, the aim of the organized crime is explicitly monetary profit. Yet to make their task easy, as Forest (2007, p. 116) points out, they often involve in combined venture with the terrorists especially in international trade and trafficking of drugs and weapons. Admittedly, despite the genuine efforts made to address the over presence of the illegal organizations in the US, organized crime has been becoming one of the leading threats to the federal law enforcement officials for the past few decades. The major advantage the transnational criminals enjoy is that there are no universally accepted measures to fight the organized crime. The organized crime is so powerful enough to influence the industrial sectors and even the economy of many of the developed countries. Berdal and Serrano (2002) put forward a good example for this. According to them, the legal industries rely on the precursor chemicals in large quantities for the cocaine and heroin processing; and attempting to restrict these chemicals can hinder legal trade and have been resisted by the chemical manufactures in the US and Europe (p.43). Effective prosecution often becomes difficult once the culprits are the members of the political institutions or because of the technical skills they possess when compared

UNIX Operating System History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

UNIX Operating System History - Essay Example Moreover, the sixth edition in 1975 was not associated with AT&T and became popular in the academic world because it was bundled with rich features, powerful, free of cost and compatible with common platforms and most importantly possess a complete source code (Fox 1807-1814). Likewise, in the year 1979, Ken was working with his colleague Bill joy and Ozalp Babaoglu at the University of California, Berkeley to improve UNIX that resulted in a new version known as Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) UNIX (Fox 1807-1814). Moreover, after consolidating all internal research and development versions of UNIX systems to release its own version, AT&T releases its commercial version of UNIX named as UNIX System III. It is possible for an operating system to be matured as well as state of the art simultaneously? If it is UNIX, then the answer would be â€Å"Yes.† UNIX has contributed in the Information technology sector for the last 25 years. Millions of installations conducted on vari ous platforms and UNIX has proved to be organized and scalable. Operating systems are compared by their functionality and performance. UNIX has contributed immensely in recent years. ... By the UNIX fast XML proxy support, web services are developed in no time on a distributed system as compared to the previous server architecture. IBM 32 way UNIX servers were also launched in year 2001 with the code name â€Å"Regatta†. The microprocessor architecture comprises of 1 GHz 64 Bit Power 4. This UNIX server is capable of self-healing technology and to decrease system failures. The system is capable to divide into 16 virtual servers which enable the businesses to integrate several machines in to one (Popovich 11). The Client-server model of UNIX was the core components for the growth of Internet and reshaping of the distributed systems networks. Inter process communication in the UNIX operating system involves the connection between the system components logically and physically. It supports real time network applications which allow the user to exchange messages in an interactive session. UNIX is known as a command line interface due to nonexistence of a GUI envir onment Today UNIX is equipped with a GUI along with dynamic communication functionalities. Some of the registered UNIX products are HP-UX, IBM AIX, SCO UnixWare, SGI IRIX, Sun Solaris etc. UNIX Directory Structure UNIX Directory Structure Figure 1.1 UNIX Shells A shell can be defined as an entity that processes user input on the behalf of computer. The bourne shell was the first shell that was programmed by Stephen Bourne deputed at Bell Laboratories (Verma, n.d). Likewise, Bourse shell was an integrated function of the UNIX operating system. Moreover, Kourne shell that was subset of Bourne shell was coded by IBM. However, Kourne shell is not supported by all

How soccer can help children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

How soccer can help children - Essay Example This paper examines how soccer can change lives of the people. Charles Miller, an Englishman, brought Futebol (soccer in Portuguese), to Brazil in 1885 (Muller, 1998). Soccer is a ‘way of life’ for millions of Brazilians. The Brazilian soccer style reflects its culture and demonstrates its ‘foot ability’. The people here dance samba and use creativity and swing to promote various rhythms. It is very easy to play, has simple rules, does not require any equipment, and can be played on synthetic grass. The soccer ball can be made of socks, oranges or soda lids. People with various attributes can play soccer hence a large number of people can participate. Soccer was considered the only way to achieve economic success so rich people who play soccer become role models for others to follow. Despite the soccer being a part of the local culture, it was not initially used in schools. This paper will show how soccer should be used as a means of liberation, knowledge and development. It will examine how soccer should help children to have a better life, both physically and mentally. It will also show how associations maintained by former soccer players help children in Brazil by giving them a new direction in life. The accurate date of the sprouting of the game soccer is something that nobody can affirm with certainty. An action to kick some object always was present in the history of the humanity, either with a rock, a fruit and sometimes a skull. But the most likely story is this sport originated in China, around 2600 B.C. during the Han Dynasty, where Chinese military used to exercise by trying to kick a leather ball filled with hair on the inside of two poles fixed which were on the ground measuring 12 – 16 inches apart the "TsuChu". Soccer is one of the worlds most popular sports. People spend hours near their TV screens, watching their favorite players score. The profit from soccer is enormous,

Finding the Right Apartment Essay Example for Free

Finding the Right Apartment Essay So you are ready to take a leap of faith and branch out on your own, into the world and embrace your new found freedom by renting an apartment. That is fantastic, but first you may need help with choosing the apartment that best suits you, your lifestyle and most importantly, your budget. This is all a fairly easy project to accomplish if you know what you are doing, but it can also be very time consuming and stressful if you do not know what you are doing while also juggling a full time job. First, you have to locate a few different apartments to be able to choose the one you love. Start by doing some research on the internet. Also, ask around your community if you plan on staying in the current area you are in now. Make sure to read the local newspapers as well. If you have children, research apartment communities closet to their school. If you have pets, find apartments that will accommodate them. Research the area to see if you are near a bus line, a taxi service or within close proximity to your family and friends, should you ever need a ride to and from work due to car troubles. After that, try your best to narrow your list down to three or four apartments. Next, meet with the leasing agents for each of the apartments you want to view. Make sure you take a good look around and see everything they have to offer. Ask what type of amenities the complex has to offer. For example, do they have a gated entrance, 24 hour gym, a pool, a spa or sauna, playground area, garages for rent and/or laundry mat services on site? When inside the actual apartment, check to make sure how many bedrooms will be beneficial to you. Make sure there is enough closet and cabinet space for all of your belongings. Ask any and all questions. Be sure to ask about alarm services if you notice an alarm system built in. Ask if everything is gas or electric powered and if it has central heating and air. Ask what utility companies they use. You may be able to transfer over your previous services if they use the same ones. If you do not like the current color of the walls, ask if you can paint over them, as long as you paint them back or prime them upon move out. Also, decide if you want a bottom or top floor and ask if your preference is available. Of course, problems and hurdles may arise, but with honesty and careful consideration of the initial problem, you can overcome the problems. Some problems that may arise are bad information on your background check that will stall the rental process. Be honest with them and they may be willing to work with you under the circumstances. Another hurdle could be unexpected problems with your finances. In this case, you will need to sit down. Go over your finances and make cuts on what you do not need and factor in what you do need. Play around with the numbers until you have comfortably figured out your living expenses. You may end up being one of the lucky ones and have a â€Å"smooth sailing† through the entire rental process, but if you do not, take it one step at a time until you have overcome any and all obstacles. Once you have decided upon the right apartment complex for you, you will need to sign a lease. Before your sign the lease and pay all your deposit and application fees, ask if your deposit is refundable. Also ask if they give application fee discounts if you are a college student. Decide the lease length you need and ask if they offer month to month, a 3 month, 6 month, 12 month or 18 month lease. Ask if the lease is a done locked deal or if you can break the lease say you should have to move away. Remember that no question is a wrong question, so ask anything that comes to mind. After you sign that lease, congratulations, you are now an adult with your very own place. Living on your own can be difficult at times but it is very rewarding and empowering and it helps to boost your confidence and self esteem. Knowing you have truly stepped into your own skin and into true adulthood is one of the greatest satisfactions you may experience in your young life. Taste it, savor it and enjoy it. You deserve it!

Differences Between MIPV4 And MIPV6

Differences Between MIPV4 And MIPV6 With the fast growth in the numbers of the mobile and handheld devices that are connected to the internet, the current IPv4 protocol is not able to cover all theses growth number of IP addresses. This is why the Internet Protocol IPv6 has been developed. Mobile IPv6 is an essential mandatory feature of the IPv6 that has been built to enable mobility for mobile device in IP networks. Mobile IPv6 specification is still uncompleted, so the protocol most likely will has some changes in the future. Security of mobile IPv6 is an essential part; it will be discuss in detail in this chapter. In addition of the mobility feature for the mobile IPv6, IPSec is also a mandatory feature that is required for IPv6 to provide data security and services for communication in IP networks and application layer protocols of TCP/IP. IPSec is used to protect Mobile IPv6 from the security threats, but there are still some issues that need to be solved. 6.1 Differences between MIPv4 and MIPv6 MIPv6 is the next generation standard for Mobile IP after MIPv4, the following is the main differences between MIPv4 and MIPv6: Foreign agent, MIPv6 rely on DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol) server or router advertisements on the foreign network to get a care-of address (CoA), this scenario make the mobile device to operate in any place without requiring any additional support from the local router, because it does not depend on the foreign agent to issue the care-of address as in MIPv4. Home agent address discovery, IPv6 is has a feature called anycast that send data to the nearest or best receiver. With this feature mobile device can send update to the home agent any cast address. In this case, if there are multiple home agents on the network, the nearest home agent will send the response to the mobile device. By this feature, scalability and redundancy can be provided to the network by keeping track several home agents. Security, Both Mipv6 and Mipv4 provide data security by using Virtual Private Network (VPN) solution. Once the mobile device traveling outside its home network and connecting to the foreign network; Mipv4 use IPSec v4 (Internet Protocol Security) and VPN Solution. Mipv6 use IPSec v6 and VPN solution. Route Optimization, When the mobile device leave its own network and connect to other network , it get a new care-of address and then inform the home agent with this address, then the home agent record the new Care-of address in its binding table. MIPv6 has direct routing packet feature that routing between mobile device and the correspondent nodes that existed on the IPv6 network. All packets destined to the mobile device home address will be intercept by the home agent then tunnel them to its Care-of address. In case of MIPv4 traffic between correspondent node and the mobile device must go through the home agent. But in case of MIPv6 the correspondent node caches the Care-of address by using route optimization MIPv6 and then transfers the packets directly to the mobile device as it shown in the figure 1 [1]. Figure- 1 Route Optimization in MIPv6 6.2 Mobile IPv6 Security Threats Mobile IP v6 has been developed to provide mobility and security for IPv6 as same as MIPv4. MIPv6 introduce different security threats as following [3]: 1. Threats against Binding Updates sent to home agents: a attacker might claim that a certain mobile device is currently at a different location than it really is. If the home agent accepts the information sent to it as is, the mobile device might not get traffic destined to it, and other nodes might get traffic they didnt want. 2. Threats against route optimization with correspondent nodes: A malicious mobile device might lie about its home address. A malicious mobile device might send a correspondent node binding updates in which the home address is set to the address of another node, the victim. If the correspondent node accepted this forged binding update, then communications between the correspondent node and the victim would be disrupted, because packets that the correspondent node intended to send to the victim would be sent to the wrong care-of address. This is a threat to confidentiality as well as availability, because an attacker might redirect packets meant for another node to itself in order to learn the content of those packets. A malicious mobile device might lie about its care-of address. A malicious mobile device might send a correspondent node binding updates in which the care-of address is set to the address of a victim node or an address within a victim network. If the correspondent node accepted this forged binding update, then the malicious mobile could trick the correspondent into sending data to the victim node or the victim network; the correspondents replies to messages sent by the malicious mobile will be sent to the victim host or network. This could be used to cause a distributed denial of service attack; the malicious mobile could trick a large number of servers so that they all send a large amount of data to the same victim node or network. A malicious node might also send a large number of invalid binding updates to a victim correspondent node. If each invalid binding update took a significant amount of resources (such as CPU) to process before it could be recognized as invalid, then it might be possible to cause a denial of service attack by sending the correspondent so may invalid binding updates that it has no resources left for other tasks. An attacker might also replay an old binding update. An attacker might attempt to disrupt a mobile devices communications by replaying a binding update that the node had sent earlier. If the old binding update was accepted, packets destined for the mobile node would be sent to its old location and not its current location. 3. Threats where MIPv6 correspondent node functionality is used to launch reflection attacks against other parties. The Home Address Option can be used to direct response traffic against a node whose IP address appears in the option, without giving a possibility for ingress filtering to catch the forged return address. 4. Threats where the tunnels between the mobile device and the home agent are attacked to make it appear like the mobile node is sending traffic while it is not. 5. Threats where IPv6 Routing Header which is employed in MIPv6 is used to circumvent IP-address based rules in firewalls or to reflect traffic from other nodes. The generality of the Routing Header allows the kind of usage that opens vulnerabilities, even if the usage that MIPv6 needs is safe. 6. The security mechanisms of MIPv6 may also be attacked themselves, e.g. in order to force the participants to execute expensive cryptographic operations or allocate memory for the purpose of keeping state. Most of the above threats are concerned with denial of service. Some of the threats also open up possibilities for man-in-the-middle, hijacking, and impersonation attacks. 6.3 Securing the Binding Update: MIPv6 is a host routing protocol, developed to modify the normal routing for a specific host. As it changes the way of sending packets to the host[4]. The binding update tell a correspondent node of the new care-of address, a correspondent node authenticate the binding update and verifying that it doesnà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t from the manipulated node . In order to successfully authenticate the update the mobile device and the correspondent node need to establish security association and share secret key. IPSec in transport mode is used between home agent and its mobile device in order to secure the MIPv6 message such as binding update. 6.4 Summery Mobile IP is used to maintain communications while the IP address is changing. Mobile IPv6 is much optimized and deployable than Mobile IPv4, like direct communication between the correspondent node and mobile device, even though Mobile IPv6 is still uncompleted; the issues have been with the security of the protocol.

Reader Reaction to John Cheevers The Swimmer Essay -- Cheever Swimmer

Reader Reaction to John Cheever's The Swimmer One of the main ideas that is conveyed in John Cheever's The Swimmer is the way in which life consists of different mental stages and how they each affect the consciousness of the mind. In The Swimmer, Neddy goes through different swimming pools and this represents the different journeys in his life. He progresses from boundless optimism to endless despair as the seasons go by. The times when Neddy is in or out of the water also represents the emotions he is going through and perhaps can correlate to the emotions felt throughout the duration of ones life. For example, when Neddy is not swimming, he tends to feel down or aggravated. During this sad period, he is usually in search of alcohol. Even after he has had a drink or two, he is always ready to go back into the pools, which shows a lot about Neddy's ambitious character. Neddy's journey through the pools is longer than an afternoon. In fact, we see this when he mentions the "storm passing" and the season change is shown through the phrase "red and yellow leaves." When Neddy finally reaches home, he is tired and weak. This displays aging through life and how one becomes fatigued easily as life goes on. When he sees that no one is home, it is obvious that Neddy's journey has come to an end and it seems as though Neddy has died, because his home can symbolize the heart and the soul, and since no one is home, Neddy's heart and soul is dead. Although The Swimmer and the recent American film "A Beautiful Mind" both have differing plots, their main characters have some commonalities. Russell Crowe, the young mathematician who becomes a natural code ... ...xpected of him with his wife and kids having left him. It was clear that Neddy was also annoyed at this point in time, however before he blew up at Mrs. Biswanger, she suddenly became nice to him once again. This part in the story goes to show how cruel society can be, and instead of helping out Neddy in his poor state, he is disrespected and furthermore, abandoned. It is also evident that friends can be betraying and deceiving and that one can never be too sure about their status. I feel that the society in which Neddy is living is quite shallow and irrational. Neddy is an unfortunate character and his treatment from Mrs. Biswanger shows her nature of thinking that friends are expendable which in my opinion is quite irrational. It also shows that the status in ones culture weighs heavily on their association with certain people.